浙江省宁波市人大常委会


宁波市医疗纠纷预防与处置条例


（2011年8月31日宁波市第十三届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十四次会议通过 2011年11月25日浙江省第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议批准）



第一章 总 则

　　第一条　为了预防和依法处置医疗纠纷，保护患者、医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益，维护医疗秩序，保障医疗安全，根据《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》、《中华人民共和国人民调解法》、国务院《医疗事故处理条例》等法律、法规，结合本市实际，制定本条例。
　　第二条　本市行政区域内的医疗纠纷预防与处置工作，适用本条例。本条例所称医疗纠纷，是指医疗机构和患方之间因诊疗、护理等医疗活动引发的争议。
　　第三条　医疗纠纷预防与处置，应当遵循预防为主、依法处置、公平公正、及时便民的原则。
　　第四条　市和县（市）区人民政府应当建立医疗纠纷预防与处置工作协调机制，督促有关部门依法预防与处置医疗纠纷，协调解决医疗纠纷预防与处置工作中的重大问题。
　　卫生行政部门负责指导、监督医疗机构做好医疗纠纷的预防与处置工作。
　　司法行政部门负责指导医疗纠纷人民调解工作。
　　公安机关负责维护医疗机构治安秩序，并对医疗机构内部治安保卫工作进行监督和指导。
　　保险监督管理机构依照国家有关规定负责监督管理医疗责任保险工作。
　　第五条　患方所在单位和居住地乡镇人民政府（街道办事处）、村（居）民委员会，应当配合做好医疗纠纷的处置工作。
　　第六条　市和县（市）区医疗纠纷人民调解委员会，负责本行政区域内医疗纠纷的人民调解工作。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解应当遵循自愿、合法、平等原则，尊重当事人的权利。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会调解医疗纠纷不收取费用，调解工作经费由本级人民政府保障。
　　第七条　公立医疗机构应当按照国家、省和本市有关规定参加医疗责任保险。鼓励其他医疗机构自愿参加医疗责任保险。
　　参加医疗责任保险的医疗机构，其医疗责任保险费从医疗机构业务费中列支。
　　第八条　承担医疗责任保险的保险机构可以按照保本微利的原则，合理厘定保险费率，并根据不同医疗机构历年医疗纠纷发生情况，实施差异费率浮动机制。
　　第九条　新闻媒体应当发挥新闻舆论的宣传、引导、监督作用，倡导建立文明、和谐的医患关系，推动医疗纠纷的有效预防和依法处置。

第二章　预防与处理

　　第十条 卫生行政部门应当加强对医疗机构执业行为的监督管理，督促医疗机构及其医务人员提高医疗服务质量，保障医疗安全，维护患者权益。
　　医疗卫生行业协会等社会团体应当加强医疗卫生行业自律，促进医疗机构及其医务人员诚信执业。
　　第十一条　医疗机构应当建立健全医疗质量监控和评价、医疗安全目标责任等制度，完善医疗质量管理体系，提高医疗质量和服务水平，保障医疗安全。
　　第十二条 医疗机构应当对医务人员进行医疗安全法律、法规、规章以及有关诊疗、护理规范的培训和医疗服务职业道德教育，增强医务人员的医疗安全法律意识，促进医疗文明。
　　医疗机构应当建立健全医务人员违法违规行为公示和责任追究制度，督促医务人员依法执业。
　　第十三条　医疗机构应当建立健全医患沟通制度，设置专用接待场所，配备专（兼）职人员，接受患方的咨询和投诉，耐心听取患方对医疗服务的意见，及时解答和处理有关问题。
　　患方对医疗机构的解答和处理不满意的，有权向卫生行政部门投诉。卫生行政部门受理投诉后，应当依照有关规定处理，并将处理结果及时告知当事人。
　　第十四条　医疗机构及其医务人员应当尊重患者对病情、诊断、治疗的知情权和隐私权。
　　医疗机构及其医务人员应当按照国务院卫生行政部门规定的要求书写和妥善保管病历资料。患者有权查阅、复制门诊病历、住院志、医嘱单、检验检查报告、手术及麻醉记录单、病理资料、护理记录等病历资料。医疗机构应当依法如实提供有关病历资料，不得隐匿或者拒绝，不得伪造、篡改或者违规销毁。
　　未经患者本人同意，医疗机构及其医务人员无合法理由不得公开患者病情。
　　第十五条　医务人员在医疗活动中应当向患者说明病情和医疗措施。需要实施手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗的，医务人员应当及时向患者说明医疗风险、替代医疗方案等情况，并取得其书面同意；不宜向患者说明的，应当向患者的近亲属说明，并取得其书面同意。
　　因抢救生命垂危的患者等紧急情况，不能取得患者或者其近亲属意见的，经医疗机构负责人或者授权的负责人批准，可以立即实施相应的医疗措施。
　　第十六条 医疗机构应当公开医疗收费的明细项目，按照规定收取医疗费用。
　　医疗机构及其医务人员应当因病施治、合理用药，不得违反诊疗规范对患者实施不必要的检查。
　　第十七条　医务人员在医疗活动中应当遵守诊疗、护理规范，遵守职业道德，树立敬业精神，关心、爱护、尊重和平等对待患者。
　　患者及其亲属应当如实向医务人员陈述病情，配合医务人员开展医疗活动，并按时支付医疗费用；发生医疗纠纷后，应当通过合法途径表达意见和要求。
　　第十八条　医疗机构应当制定医疗纠纷预防和处置预案，并报卫生行政部门和公安机关备案。
　　第十九条　医疗纠纷发生后，医疗机构及其医务人员应当依照医疗纠纷处置预案的规定及时报告，并采取有效措施，避免或者减轻对患者身体健康的损害，防止损害扩大。
　　卫生行政部门接到医疗纠纷报告后，应当责令医疗机构立即采取必要的救治措施；必要时，应当派人赶赴现场，指导、协调处置工作，引导医患双方依法妥善解决医疗纠纷。
　　第二十条　医疗机构、患方应当结合医疗纠纷实际情况，依照下列规定进行处置：
　　（一）在医患双方在场的情况下，依照有关规定共同对现场实物和相关病历资料进行封存和启封；
　　（二）就引发纠纷的医疗活动，由医疗机构组织专家会诊或者讨论，并将会诊或者讨论的意见告知患方；
　　（三）医疗机构应当告知患方解决医疗纠纷的途径和程序，并答复患方的咨询和疑问；
　　（四）患者在医疗机构内死亡的，医疗机构应当告知其亲属按规定将尸体移放太平间或者殡仪馆；不能确定死因或者医患双方对死因有异议的，应当告知其亲属可按规定进行尸检；
　　（五）配合卫生行政部门、公安机关、医疗纠纷人民调解委员会、保险机构等做好调查取证工作；
　　（六）医疗纠纷处置完毕后，医疗机构应当及时向卫生行政部门报告处理结果。
　　第二十一条　因药品、消毒药剂、医疗器械和其他医疗用品的缺陷，或者输入不合格的血液造成患者损害的，患者可以向医疗机构索赔，也可以向生产者或者血液提供机构索赔。患者向医疗机构索赔的，医疗机构赔偿后，有权向负有责任的生产者或者血液提供机构追偿。
　　第二十二条　有下列行为之一，经劝阻无效的，医疗机构应当立即向所在地公安机关报警：
　　（一）聚众占据医疗、办公场所，在医疗机构内拉横幅、设灵堂、贴标语，或者拒不将尸体移放太平间或殡仪馆；
　　（二）阻碍医务人员依法执业，侮辱、威胁、殴打医务人员或者限制其人身自由，干扰医务人员正常工作、生活；
　　（三）故意损坏或者窃取、抢夺医疗机构的设施设备等财产或者病历、档案等重要资料；
　　（四）其他严重影响医疗工作秩序的行为。
　　第二十三条　公安机关接到医疗纠纷报警后，应当依照下列规定进行处置：
　　（一）及时组织警力赶赴现场；
　　（二）开展教育疏导，制止过激行为，维护正常的医疗工作秩序；
　　（三）患方拒不将尸体移放太平间或者殡仪馆的，现场处置民警应当责令移放，并依法予以处置；
　　（四）依法处置现场发生的违反治安管理的行为，保护当事人的人身、财产安全。

第三章　协商与调解

　　第二十四条　医疗纠纷发生后，医疗机构和患方可以通过下列途径解决纠纷：
　　（一）双方自愿协商；
　　（二）向医疗纠纷人民调解委员会申请调解；
　　（三）向卫生行政部门申请医疗事故争议处理；
　　（四）向人民法院提起诉讼。
　　第二十五条 医疗机构和患方协商解决医疗纠纷，应当在专用接待场所进行，由双方各自确定不超过五名代表参加。医患双方协商一致的，应当签署协商协议书。
　　第二十六条 医疗纠纷索赔金额一万元以上（不含一万元）的，已参加医疗责任保险的医疗机构应当及时通知保险机构参与医疗纠纷的协商处理。
　　保险机构参与医疗纠纷协商处理，应当在其专用接待场所进行。
　　第二十七条　承担医疗责任保险的保险机构应当设立医疗纠纷协商理赔部门，按照有关规定承担医疗纠纷的调查、评估、协商、赔付等具体事务。
　　保险机构参与协商处理医疗纠纷，应当自收齐有关材料之日起五个工作日内，告知医患双方初步调查结果和赔偿意见，并做好解释答复工作。
　　医患双方认可调查结果和赔偿意见的，应当签署协商协议书；对调查结果或者赔偿意见有异议，协商不成的，可以向医疗纠纷人民调解委员会提出调解申请，也可以通过其他合法途径解决医疗纠纷。
　　第二十八条　市和县（市）区司法行政部门会同卫生等有关部门根据人民调解的有关法律规定，指导当地有关社会团体、组织设立医疗纠纷人民调解委员会。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会由委员三至九人组成，设主任一人，必要时，可以设副主任若干人。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解员由医疗纠纷人民调解委员会委员和医疗纠纷人民调解委员会聘任的人员担任。医疗纠纷人民调解员应当为人公道、品行良好，具有医疗、法律、保险专业知识和调解工作经验，并热心人民调解工作。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会可以吸收公道正派、热心调解、群众认可的社会人士参与调解，并建立由医学、法律等相关专业人员组成的专家库，为医疗纠纷的调查、评估和调解提供咨询。
　　第二十九条　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会承担下列工作职责：
　　（一）调解医疗纠纷；
　　（二）根据医疗纠纷处置需要，派员赶赴现场，做好教育疏导工作，受理医疗纠纷调解申请；
　　（三）接待各方咨询，引导依法处置医疗纠纷；
　　（四）向司法行政、卫生等部门和有关社会组织报告医疗纠纷调解情况；
　　（五）分析医疗纠纷发生的原因，向医疗机构、卫生行政部门提出医疗纠纷防范意见和建议；
　　（六）法律、法规规定的其他职责。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会在承担工作职责过程中，应当坚持公平公正、及时便民、耐心细致、廉洁自律，接受医患双方的监督和有关部门、组织的监管、考核。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会应当建立调解工作制度，规范调解工作流程，并将工作制度、工作流程和人民调解委员会组成人员予以公示，听取群众意见，接受群众监督。
　　第三十条　当事人申请调解的，医疗纠纷人民调解委员会应当自收到医疗纠纷调解申请之日起三个工作日内，对符合受理条件的调解申请予以受理并通知当事人。医疗纠纷人民调解委员会也可以主动调解，但当事人一方明确拒绝调解的，不得调解。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会受理调解申请后，应当告知双方当事人在调解活动中享有的权利和履行的义务。
　　司法行政部门应当鼓励和支持法律援助机构、法律服务机构及其执业人员，为确有困难的患方提供医疗纠纷处置方面的法律援助。
　　第三十一条　医疗纠纷有下列情形之一的，医疗纠纷人民调解委员会不予受理；已经受理的，终止调解：
　　（一）一方当事人已向人民法院提起诉讼的；
　　（二）一方当事人已向卫生行政部门申请医疗事故争议处理的；
　　（三）一方当事人拒绝调解的；
　　（四）已经医疗纠纷人民调解委员会调解并达成调解协议，一方当事人拒不履行约定义务的；
　　（五）法律、法规规定的其他情形。
　　不予受理或者终止调解的，应当书面通知当事人并说明理由。
　　第三十二条　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会受理医疗纠纷调解申请后，可以由当事人选择一名或者数名人民调解员进行调解，也可以指定一名或者数名人民调解员进行调解。
　　第三十三条　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会调解医疗纠纷，应当充分听取当事人陈述，并可以根据需要组织调查、核实、评估、论证等活动，在查明事实、分清责任的基础上，提出纠纷解决方案，促使双方当事人平等协商、互谅互让，帮助当事人自愿达成调解协议。
　　患方对参加医疗责任保险的医疗机构索赔金额一万元以上（不含一万元）的，医疗纠纷人民调解委员会应当通知保险机构参加。
　　医疗纠纷人民调解应当在人民调解委员会专用接待场所进行。
　　第三十四条　医疗纠纷人民调解委员会应当自受理调解申请之日起三十个工作日内调解终结。因特殊情况需要延长调解期限的，医疗纠纷人民调解委员会和双方当事人可以约定延长的期限；超过约定期限仍未达成调解协议的，视为调解不成，应当终止调解，并告知当事人可以依法通过行政、诉讼等途径处理和解决医疗纠纷。调解期限不包含医疗损害鉴定或者医疗事故技术鉴定的时间。
　　第三十五条　医疗纠纷经调解达成协议的，医疗纠纷人民调解委员会应当制作调解协议书。调解协议书由双方当事人签名、盖章或者按指印，经调解员签名并加盖医疗纠纷人民调解委员会印章之日起生效。
　　调解协议书具有法律约束力，当事人应当按照约定履行。
　　调解协议达成后，当事人认为有必要的，可以依照人民调解法的规定，向人民法院申请司法确认。
　　第三十六条　医疗纠纷协商和调解过程中，保险机构协商理赔部门工作人员和人民调解员需要查阅病历资料，或者向有关单位和人员咨询、询问、核实有关资料和情况的，有关单位和人员应当给予配合和协助；需要进行医疗损害鉴定或者医疗事故技术鉴定的，由当事人委托有资质的鉴定机构进行鉴定；索赔金额十万元以上（含十万元）的，应当进行医疗损害鉴定或者医疗事故技术鉴定。
　　第三十七条　医疗纠纷发生后，当事人向卫生行政部门提出医疗事故争议处理申请的，依照国务院《医疗事故处理条例》的规定处理。
　　第三十八条　承担医疗责任保险的保险机构应当将协商协议书、人民调解协议书、人民法院生效调解书或者判决书作为医疗责任保险理赔的依据，在保险合同约定的责任范围内进行赔偿，并及时支付赔偿金。
　　第三十九条　各级人民政府及其卫生、公安、司法行政等部门和医疗机构的工作人员在医疗纠纷协商、调解和处理过程中，不得违反法律、法规和本条例的规定随意承诺赔偿或者给予赔偿。

第四章　法律责任

　　第四十条　违反本条例的行为，有关法律、法规已有处理规定的，从其规定。
　　第四十一条　违反本条例规定，医疗机构及其医务人员不履行医疗纠纷预防和处置工作职责，或者有侵害患者合法权益的行为的，由卫生行政部门责令改正；情节严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
　　第四十二条　违反本条例规定，扰乱医疗机构正常工作秩序，侵害当事人及其他人合法权益的，由公安机关依法处理；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
　　第四十三条　保险机构协商理赔部门工作人员和医疗纠纷人民调解员在医疗纠纷协商、调解过程中违反法律、法规和医疗纠纷处置工作规则的，由有权机关和组织或者所在单位依法处理。
　　第四十四条　各级人民政府及其有关部门工作人员在医疗纠纷预防与处置工作中，违反本条例，有下列情形之一的，由有权机关依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
　　（一）接到医疗纠纷报告、报警后，未及时采取相关处置措施的；
　　（二）在医疗纠纷预防和处置过程中，非法收受他人财物或者其他利益的；
　　（三）在医疗纠纷协商、调解、处理等过程中违反规定随意承诺赔偿或者给予赔偿的；
　　（四）其他玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的行为。

第五章　附　则

　　第四十五条　本条例自2012年3月1日起施行。2007年12月12日市人民政府发布的《宁波市医疗纠纷预防与处置暂行办法》同时废止。


世界贸易组织法律文件


PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


Preamble

The World Trade Organization ("WTO"), pursuant to the approval of the Ministerial Conference of the WTO accorded under Article XII of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ("WTO Agreement"), and the People's Republic of China ("China"),

Recalling that China was an original contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947,

Taking note that China is a signatory to the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,

Taking note of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China in document WT/ACC/CHN/49 ("Working Party Report"),

Having regard to the results of the negotiations concerning China's membership in the WTO,

Agree as follows:

Part I - General Provisions

1. General

1. Upon accession, China accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Article XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a Member of the WTO.

2. The WTO Agreement to which China accedes shall be the WTO Agreement as rectified, amended or otherwise modified by such legal instruments as may have entered into force before the date of accession. This Protocol, which shall include the commitments referred to in paragraph 342 of the Working Party Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, those obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with entry into force of that Agreement shall be implemented by China as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry into force.

4. China may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1of Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ("GATS") provided that such a measure is recorded in the List of Article II Exemptions annexed to this Protocol and meets the conditions of the Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions.

2. Administration of the Trade Regime

(A) Uniform Administration

1. The provisions of the WTO Agreement and this Protocol shall apply to the entire customs territory of China, including border trade regions and minority autonomous areas, Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities, economic and technical development zones and other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations are established (collectively referred to as "special economic areas").

2. China shall apply and administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations and other measures of the central government as well as local regulations, rules and other measures issued or applied at the sub-national level (collectively referred to as "laws, regulations and other measures") pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ("TRIPS") or the control of foreign exchange.

3. China's local regulations, rules and other measures of local governments at the sub-national level shall conform to the obligations undertaken in the WTO Agreement and this Protocol.

4. China shall establish a mechanism under which individuals and enterprises can bring to the attention of the national authorities cases of non-uniform application of the trade regime.

(B) Special Economic Areas

1. China shall notify to the WTO all the relevant laws, regulations and other measures relating to its special economic areas, listing these areas by name and indicating the geographic boundaries that define them. China shall notify the WTO promptly, but in any case within 60 days, of any additions or modifications to its special economic areas, including notification of the laws, regulations and other measures relating thereto.

2. China shall apply to imported products, including physically incorporated components, introduced into the other parts of China's customs territory from the special economic areas, all taxes, charges and measures affecting imports, including import restrictions and customs and tariff charges, that are normally applied to imports into the other parts of China's customs territory.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, in providing preferential arrangements for enterprises within such special economic areas, WTO provisions on non-discrimination and national treatment shall be fully observed.

(C) Transparency

1. China undertakes that only those laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange that are published and readily available to other WTO Members, individuals and enterprises, shall be enforced. In addition, China shall make available to WTO Members, upon request, all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange before such measures are implemented or enforced. In emergency situations, laws, regulations and other measures shall be made available at the latest when they are implemented or enforced.

2. China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and, after publication of its laws, regulations or other measures in such journal, shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented, except for those laws, regulations and other measures involving national security, specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or monetary policy and other measures the publication of which would impede law enforcement. China shall publish this journal on a regular basis and make copies of all issues of this journal readily available to individuals and enterprises.

3. China shall establish or designate an enquiry point where, upon request of any individual, enterprise or WTO Member all information relating to the measures required to be published under paragraph 2(C)1 of this Protocol may be obtained. Replies to requests for information shall generally be provided within 30 days after receipt of a request. In exceptional cases, replies may be provided within 45 days after receipt of a request. Notice of the delay and the reasons therefor shall be provided in writing to the interested party. Replies to WTO Members shall be complete and shall represent the authoritative view of the Chinese government. Accurate and reliable information shall be provided to individuals and enterprises.

(D) Judicial Review

1. China shall establish, or designate, and maintain tribunals, contact points and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions relating to the implementation of laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application referred to in Article X:1 of the GATT 1994, Article VI of the GATS and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. Such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. If the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing. The appellant shall also be informed of any right to further appeal.

3. Non-discrimination

Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of:

(a) the procurement of inputs and goods and services necessary for production and the conditions under which their goods are produced, marketed or sold, in the domestic market and for export; and

(b) the prices and availability of goods and services supplied by national and sub-national authorities and public or state enterprises, in areas including transportation, energy, basic telecommunications, other utilities and factors of production.

4. Special Trade Arrangements

Upon accession, China shall eliminate or bring into conformity with the WTO Agreement all special trade arrangements, including barter trade arrangements, with third countries and separate customs territories, which are not in conformity with the WTO Agreement.

5. Right to Trade

1. Without prejudice to China's right to regulate trade in a manner consistent with the WTO Agreement, China shall progressively liberalize the availability and scope of the right to trade, so that, within three years after accession, all enterprises in China shall have the right to trade in all goods throughout the customs territory of China, except for those goods listed in Annex 2A which continue to be subject to state trading in accordance with this Protocol. Such right to trade shall be the right to import and export goods. All such goods shall be accorded national treatment under Article III of the GATT 1994, especially paragraph 4 thereof, in respect of their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use, including their direct access to end-users. For those goods listed in Annex 2B, China shall phase out limitation on the grant of trading rights pursuant to the schedule in that Annex. China shall complete all necessary legislative procedures to implement these provisions during the transition period.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, all foreign individuals and enterprises, including those not invested or registered in China, shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to enterprises in China with respect to the right to trade.

6. State Trading

1. China shall ensure that import purchasing procedures of state trading enterprises are fully transparent, and in compliance with the WTO Agreement, and shall refrain from taking any measure to influence or direct state trading enterprises as to the quantity, value, or country of origin of goods purchased or sold, except in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

2. As part of China's notification under the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, China shall also provide full information on the pricing mechanisms of its state trading enterprises for exported goods.

7. Non-Tariff Measures

1. China shall implement the schedule for phased elimination of the measures contained in Annex 3. During the periods specified in Annex 3, the protection afforded by the measures listed in that Annex shall not be increased or expanded in size, scope or duration, nor shall any new measures be applied, unless in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement.

2. In implementing the provisions of Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture, China shall eliminate and shall not introduce, re-introduce or apply non-tariff measures that cannot be justified under the provisions of the WTO Agreement. For all non-tariff measures, whether or not referred to in Annex 3, that are applied after the date of accession, consistent with the WTO Agreement or this Protocol, China shall allocate and otherwise administer such measures in strict conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including GATT 1994 and Article XIII thereof, and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, including notification requirements.

3. China shall, upon accession, comply with the TRIMs Agreement, without recourse to the provisions of Article 5 of the TRIMs Agreement. China shall eliminate and cease to enforce trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, local content and export or performance requirements made effective through laws, regulations or other measures. Moreover, China will not enforce provisions of contracts imposing such requirements. Without prejudice to the relevant provisions of this Protocol, China shall ensure that the distribution of import licences, quotas, tariff-rate quotas, or any other means of approval for importation, the right of importation or investment by national and sub-national authorities, is not conditioned on: whether competing domestic suppliers of such products exist; or performance requirements of any kind, such as local content, offsets, the transfer of technology, export performance or the conduct of research and development in China.

4. Import and export prohibitions and restrictions, and licensing requirements affecting imports and exports shall only be imposed and enforced by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities. Such measures which are not imposed by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities, shall not be implemented or enforced.

8. Import and Export Licensing

1. In implementing the WTO Agreement and provisions of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, China shall undertake the following measures to facilitate compliance with these agreements:

(a) China shall publish on a regular basis the following in the official journal referred to in paragraph 2(C)2 of this Protocol:

- by product, the list of all organizations, including those organizations delegated such authority by the national authorities, that are responsible for authorizing or approving imports or exports, whether through grant of licence or other approval;

- procedures and criteria for obtaining such import or export licences or other approvals, and the conditions for deciding whether they should be granted;

- a list of all products, by tariff number, that are subject to tendering requirements, including information on products subject to such tendering requirements and any changes, pursuant to the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;

- a list of all goods and technologies whose import or export are restricted or prohibited; these goods shall also be notified to the Committee on Import Licensing;

- any changes to the list of goods and technologies whose import and export are restricted or prohibited.

Copies of these submissions in one or more official languages of the WTO shall be forwarded to the WTO for circulation to WTO Members and for submission to the Committee on Import Licensing within 75 days of each publication.

(b) China shall notify the WTO of all licensing and quota requirements remaining in effect after accession, listed separately by HS tariff line and with the quantities associated with the restriction, if any, and the justification for maintaining the restriction or its scheduled date of termination.

(c) China shall submit the notification of its import licensing procedures to the Committee on Import Licensing. China shall report annually to the Committee on Import Licensing on its automatic import licensing procedures, explaining the circumstances which give rise to these requirements and justifying the need for their continuation. This report shall also provide the information listed in Article 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.

(d) China shall issue import licences for a minimum duration of validity of six months, except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. In such cases, China shall promptly notify the Committee on Import Licensing of the exceptional circumstances requiring the shorter period of licence validity.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the distribution of import and export licences and quotas.

9. Price Controls

1. China shall, subject to paragraph 2 below, allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services shall be eliminated.

2. The goods and services listed in Annex 4 may be subject to price controls, consistent with the WTO Agreement, in particular Article III of the GATT 1994 and Annex 2, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Except in exceptional circumstances, and subject to notification to the WTO, price controls shall not be extended to goods or services beyond those listed in Annex 4, and China shall make best efforts to reduce and eliminate these controls.

3. China shall publish in the official journal the list of goods and services subject to state pricing and changes thereto.

10. Subsidies

1. China shall notify the WTO of any subsidy within the meaning of Article 1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"), granted or maintained in its territory, organized by specific product, including those subsidies defined in Article 3 of the SCM Agreement. The information provided should be as specific as possible, following the requirements of the questionnaire on subsidies as noted in Article 25 of the SCM Agreement.

2. For purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the SCM Agreement, subsidies provided to state-owned enterprises will be viewed as specific if, inter alia, state-owned enterprises are the predominant recipients of such subsidies or state-owned enterprises receive disproportionately large amounts of such subsidies.

3. China shall eliminate all subsidy programmes falling within the scope of Article 3 of the SCM Agreement upon accession.

11. Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports

1. China shall ensure that customs fees or charges applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities, shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

2. China shall ensure that internal taxes and charges, including value-added taxes, applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

3. China shall eliminate all taxes and charges applied to exports unless specifically provided for in Annex 6 of this Protocol or applied in conformity with the provisions of Article VIII of the GATT 1994.

4. Foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall, upon accession, be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the provision of border tax adjustments.

12. Agriculture

1. China shall implement the provisions contained in China's Schedule of Concessions and Commitments on Goods and, as specifically provided in this Protocol, those of the Agreement on Agriculture. In this context, China shall not maintain or introduce any export subsidies on agricultural products.

2. China shall, under the Transitional Review Mechanism, notify fiscal and other transfers between or among state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector (whether national or sub-national) and other enterprises that operate as state trading enterprises in the agricultural sector.

13. Technical Barriers to Trade

1. China shall publish in the official journal all criteria, whether formal or informal, that are the basis for a technical regulation, standard or conformity assessment procedure.

2. China shall, upon accession, bring into conformity with the TBT Agreement all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.

3. China shall apply conformity assessment procedures to imported products only to determine compliance with technical regulations and standards that are consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and the WTO Agreement. Conformity assessment bodies will determine the conformity of imported products with commercial terms of contracts only if authorized by the parties to such contract. China shall ensure that such inspection of products for compliance with the commercial terms of contracts does not affect customs clearance or the granting of import licences for such products.

4. (a) Upon accession, China shall ensure that the same technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are applied to both imported and domestic products. In order to ensure a smooth transition from the current system, China shall ensure that, upon accession, all certification, safety licensing, and quality licensing bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake these activities for both imported and domestic products, and that, one year after accession, all conformity assessment bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake conformity assessment for both imported and domestic products. The choice of body or agency shall be at the discretion of the applicant. For imported and domestic products, all bodies and agencies shall issue the same mark and charge the same fee. They shall also provide the same processing periods and complaint procedures. Imported products shall not be subject to more than one conformity assessment. China shall publish and make readily available to other WTO Members, individuals, and enterprises full information on the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies and agencies.

(b) No later than 18 months after accession, China shall assign the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies solely on the basis of the scope of work and type of product without any consideration of the origin of a product. The respective responsibilities that will be assigned to China's conformity assessment bodies will be notified to the TBT Committee 12 months after accession.

14. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

China shall notify to the WTO all laws, regulations and other measures relating to its sanitary and phytosanitary measures, including product coverage and relevant international standards, guidelines and recommendations, within 30 days after accession.

15. Price Comparability in Determining Subsidies and Dumping

Article VI of the GATT 1994, the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("Anti-Dumping Agreement") and the SCM Agreement shall apply in proceedings involving imports of Chinese origin into a WTO Member consistent with the following:

(a) In determining price comparability under Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the importing WTO Member shall use either Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation or a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China based on the following rules:

(i) If the producers under investigation can clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to the manufacture, production and sale of that product, the importing WTO Member shall use Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation in determining price comparability;

(ii) The importing WTO Member may use a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China if the producers under investigation cannot clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to manufacture, production and sale of that product.

(b) In proceedings under Parts II, III and V of the SCM Agreement, when addressing subsidies described in Articles 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(d), relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement shall apply; however, if there are special difficulties in that application, the importing WTO Member may then use methodologies for identifying and measuring the subsidy benefit which take into account the possibility that prevailing terms and conditions in China may not always be available as appropriate benchmarks. In applying such methodologies, where practicable, the importing WTO Member should adjust such prevailing terms and conditions before considering the use of terms and conditions prevailing outside China.

(c) The importing WTO Member shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (a) to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices and shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (b) to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

(d) Once China has established, under the national law of the importing WTO Member, that it is a market economy, the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall be terminated provided that the importing Member's national law contains market economy criteria as of the date of accession. In any event, the provisions of subparagraph (a)(ii) shall expire 15 years after the date of accession. In addition, should China establish, pursuant to the national law of the importing WTO Member, that market economy conditions prevail in a particular industry or sector, the non-market economy provisions of subparagraph (a) shall no longer apply to that industry or sector.

16. Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism

1. In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

2. If, in the course of these bilateral consultations, it is agreed that imports of Chinese origin are such a cause and that action is necessary, China shall take such action as to prevent or remedy the market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

3. If consultations do not lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member concerned within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations, the WTO Member affected shall be free, in respect of such products, to withdraw concessions or otherwise to limit imports only to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

4. Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.

5. Prior to application of a measure pursuant to paragraph 3, the WTO Member taking such action shall provide reasonable public notice to all interested parties and provide adequate opportunity for importers, exporters and other interested parties to submit their views and evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed measure and whether it would be in the public interest. The WTO Member shall provide written notice of the decision to apply a measure, including the reasons for such measure and its scope and duration.

6. A WTO Member shall apply a measure pursuant to this Section only for such period of time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the market disruption. If a measure is taken as a result of a relative increase in the level of imports, China has the right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than two years. However, if a measure is taken as a result of an absolute increase in imports, China has a right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than three years. Any such action by China shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

7. In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, the WTO Member so affected may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that imports have caused or threatened to cause market disruption. In this case, notification of the measures taken to the Committee on Safeguards and a request for bilateral consultations shall be effected immediately thereafter. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days during which the pertinent requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall be met. The duration of any provisional measure shall be counted toward the period provided for under paragraph 6.

8. If a WTO Member considers that an action taken under paragraphs 2, 3 or 7 causes or threatens to cause significant diversions of trade into its market, it may request consultations with China and/or the WTO Member concerned. Such consultations shall be held within 30 days after the request is notified to the Committee on Safeguards. If such consultations fail to lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member or Members concerned within 60 days after the notification, the requesting WTO Member shall be free, in respect of such product, to withdraw concessions accorded to or otherwise limit imports from China, to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such diversions. Such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

9. Application of this Section shall be terminated 12 years after the date of accession.

17. Reservations by WTO Members

All prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures maintained by WTO Members against imports from China in a manner inconsistent with the WTO Agreement are listed in Annex 7. All such prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures shall be phased out or dealt with in accordance with mutually agreed terms and timetables as specified in the said Annex.

18. Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Those subsidiary bodies1 of the WTO which have a mandate covering China's commitments under the WTO Agreement or this Protocol shall, within one year after accession and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review, as appropriate to their mandate, the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and of the related provisions of this Protocol. China shall provide relevant information, including information specified in Annex 1A, to each subsidiary body in advance of the review. China can also raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol, in those subsidiary bodies which have a relevant mandate. Each subsidiary body shall report the results of such review promptly to the relevant Council established by paragraph 5 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, if applicable, which shall in turn report promptly to the General Council.

2. The General Council shall, within one year after accession, and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and the provisions of this Protocol. The General Council shall conduct such review in accordance with the framework set out in Annex 1B and in the light of the results of any reviews held pursuant to paragraph 1. China also can raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol. The General Council may make recommendations to China and to other Members in these respects.

3. Consideration of issues pursuant to this Section shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Member, including China, under the WTO Agreement or any Plurilateral Trade Agreement, and shall not preclude or be a precondition to recourse to consultation or other provisions of the WTO Agreement or this Protocol.

4. The review provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 will take place after accession in each year for eight years. Thereafter there will be a final review in year 10 or at an earlier date decided by the General Council.

Part II - Schedules

1. The Schedules annexed to this Protocol shall become the Schedule of Concessions and Commitments annexed to the GATT 1994 and the Schedule of Specific Commitments annexed to the GATS relating to China. The staging of concessions and commitments listed in the Schedules shall be implemented as specified in the relevant parts of the relevant Schedules.

2. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6(a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Concessions and Commitments annexed to this Protocol shall be the date of accession.

Part III - Final Provisions

1. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by China until 1 January 2002.

2. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the day of its acceptance.

3. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by China thereof, pursuant to paragraph 1 of Part III of this Protocol, to each WTO Member and to China.

4. This Protocol shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Done at Doha this tenth day of November two thousand and one, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it is authentic in only one or more of these languages.

1 Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Council for Trade in Services, Committees on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Market Access (covering also ITA), Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping Measures, Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Trade-Related Investment Measures, Safeguards, Trade in Financial Services.